// ARS TECHNICA — SPAZIO & SCIENZA
China publicly discloses plan for a lunar landing within three years
The plan does not include a mission similar to Apollo 8 or Artemis II.
Chinese space officials confirmed this weekend that the Asian nation plans to land its astronauts on the Moon within three years.
At the Seventh Manned Spaceflight Conference in Beijing, officials, including Wang Xiang, chief designer for the lunar exploration program, laid out the country’s most publicly detailed plans yet for a series of missions leading up to a crewed lunar landing “before 2030.”
China’s lunar landings will involve a lunar-orbit rendezvous similar to what NASA did in the 1960s and early 1970s with the Apollo program. However, lacking a rocket as powerful as the Saturn V vehicle, the crew and lunar lander will launch separately to the Moon.
According to slides shared on social media, the current plan involves:
The public release of this new information provides a timeline for gauging China’s technical progress in its efforts to land humans on the Moon before 2030 and beat NASA and the United States back to the lunar surface.
Notably, the plan (for now, at least) omits a mission similar to Apollo 8 or Artemis II, which involved a crew flying out to the Moon and either entering orbit or passing close by before returning to Earth. The Mengzhou vehicle should still get a workout closer to Earth with humans on board as part of missions carrying astronauts to Tiangong, China’s space station in low-Earth orbit.
NASA has set a target of landing humans on the Moon by 2028, a year or so ahead of China. The United States, which has been working on the Space Launch System rocket for 15 years and the Orion spacecraft even longer, has a more established rocket and crew vehicle.
But there are major questions surrounding the development of a lunar lander, for which both SpaceX and Blue Origin have multibillion-dollar development contracts. Depending on how these projects go, a US lunar landing could be delayed to 2030 or even later.
Although it is virtually impossible for outsiders to glean information about technical milestones achieved inside China’s space program, the country is clearly making credible progress toward reaching the Moon. For example, in August 2025, the China Manned Space Agency successfully tested a high-fidelity mock-up of its 26-ton Lanyue lunar lander. The test used giant tethers to simulate lunar gravity as the vehicle fired its main engines and fine-control thrusters to land on a cratered surface and take off from a location near Beijing.