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Turning molecules into reliable electronic devices
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Molecules are among the smallest building blocks available for making next-generation devices. Their unique, customizable properties enable promising applications in emerging computing, sensing, optical, and quantum technologies.
But integrating molecules into functional devices at scale remains a challenge. Traditional semiconductor manufacturing processes can damage small and fragile molecular materials. Now, MIT researchers have developed a scalable fabrication technique that incorporates delicate molecular materials into electronic devices on a chip without causing damage.
Their method extends the capabilities of standard semiconductor manufacturing processes to accommodate molecules. The researchers first prefabricate the device components using traditional processes. Then, they introduce the molecules and harness nanoscale surface forces to mechanically transform the fabricated device, which self-assembles without damaging the molecules.
The team demonstrated the robustness and scalability of their technique by fabricating more than 1,000 devices using sub-nanometer molecular layers.
“Our platform combines the scalability of conventional semiconductor manufacturing with the precision and control of self-assembly. This establishes a new fabrication framework for the scalable, high-throughput integration of emerging nanoscale and quantum materials, including molecules, into functional devices with architectures and capabilities that were previously infeasible,” says Farnaz Niroui, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science (EECS), a member of the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), and senior author of a new paper describing the work.
She is joined on the paper by co-lead authors Sarah Spector and Peter Satterthwaite, EECS graduate students; Jeremiah A. Johnson, the A. Thomas Guertin Professor of Chemistry at MIT; and others at MIT. The research appears today in Nature Nanotechnology.
Molecules are small clusters of atoms with structures and chemistries that can be precisely designed. This allows their properties to be engineered across a wide design space.
Once integrated into device architectures, these molecules could enable next-generation electronics and computing platforms that are smaller, faster, and more adaptable, as well as higher-performance photonic devices and emerging quantum technologies.
To build a functional system, molecular building blocks need to be integrated with other device layers. In electronic systems, a critical step is making electrical contacts to the molecules by interfacing them with metallic surfaces. However, the harsh chemicals and processes needed for traditional chip manufacturing damages these fragile molecular materials, reducing reliability and performance.