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How to find Uranus this week, the hardest planet I've ever tried to see
Get your eyes on the seventh planet, and you can graduate as a skywatcher — and there's a perfect way to cheat this week as Mars glides by Uranus.
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I used to think Uranus was the sort of planet you graduated into. Saturn and its rings first, obviously. Jupiter and its cloud bands soon after that. Venus, if it's shrinking to a crescent (which it soon will be), and, of course, Mars and its ice caps. But Uranus? The seventh planet feels like something reserved for people with huge telescopes, expensive eyepieces and incredibly lucky atmospheric seeing. It may be considered an ice giant planet, but it's almost four times farther from the sun than Jupiter and twice as far as Saturn — and it's a lot smaller than both. Uranus didn't figure in my plans.
And yet on a frosty evening in September, a few years ago, I finally got to see it as a blue-green dot nearly 1.8 billion miles away. It was through a large Dobsonian telescope belonging to one very generous member of the Salt Lake Astronomical Society, outside the visitor center at Bryce Canyon National Park, which hosts popular astronomy and night-sky programs. Uranus shone dimly, but I could easily make out its color by averting my eyes (looking slightly to the side of the planet rather than directly at it). That way, the human eye's light-sensitive peripheral cells can catch brightness — it's a technique that's worth learning for all kinds of telescopic astronomy. Even then, Uranus looked like a faint, motionless star rather than a glowing planet. It was no Saturn.
What surprised me wasn't finally seeing Uranus — that was down to a massive telescope. It was how suddenly my perception changed once my eye locked onto it. After seeing it up close (ish), I wanted to know exactly where Uranus was in the night sky. Uranus is technically visible to the naked eye, but it is very challenging to see. It shines at 5.7 magnitude — right at the absolute limit of human visibility, but in Bryce Canyon's dark moonless skies, it was definitely there. Was it a satisfying sight? Not especially — but I could not unsee it. That transition — from looking casually to carefully observing, first with powerful optics and then navigating with the naked eye — is what observational astronomy is all about. Uranus now always figures in my plans, but typically only when I have access to a very large telescope.
Finally seeing Uranus is a milestone. Most people remember their first view of Saturn because its rings impress immediately. But many people remember Uranus because they had to work for it. It's a planet you can discover for yourself — and you can do it this week.
I tend to forget all about Uranus unless it's involved in a conjunction — and that's exactly what's happening. Conjunctions involving Uranus tend to occur a couple of times each year, typically as one of the fast-moving, closer planets — such as Venus and Mars — appear next to it. Venus was close to Uranus back in April, and on July 4, it's the turn of Mars. A conjunction between Mars and Uranus happens about every two years as the red planet surges past on its far quicker journey around the sun (687 Earth days versus the 84 years it takes Uranus).
This won't be the most convenient conjunction to observe, but they'll get to within about 11 arc minutes of each other — extremely close! From the northern hemisphere, the planets will be low on the eastern horizon in the early morning hours before astronomical dawn. The best time to be up and looking east will be about 3:45 a.m. local time. The observing window is only about 45 minutes before dawn, making it harder to find with every passing minute.
Find Mars, find Uranus. That's the entire point of using a close conjunction to see the seventh planet. Mars will serve as a guidepost and be easy to see. It will shine at 1.3 magnitude below the sparkling Pleiades open cluster. You won't be able to